A new molecular engineering technique can precisely influence the development of organoids. Microbeads made of specifically folded DNA are used to release growth factors or other signal molecules inside the tissue structures. This gives rise to considerably more complex organoids that imitate the respective tissues much better and have a more realistic cell mix than before. An interdisciplinary team of researchers at Heidelberg University and the Max Planck Institute for Medical Research developed the technique.

A 3D in vitro cell culture model as a basis for the development of new treatment strategies for one of the most common diseases in industrialized nations

Researchers from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology now reveal how a bacterial parasite infects and reproduces in the nuclei of deep-sea mussels from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. They show how a single bacterial cell invades the mussel’s nucleus where it reproduces to over 80,000 cells, while ensuring that its host cell stays alive.

Ageing is a complex biological process that also takes place in the brain. Researchers have discovered that the gene activity changes in different cell types in the brain. A certain type of neuron is particularly affected. In the long term, the findings could provide starting points for slowing down the ageing process and delaying neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s-type dementia.

Ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsteam unter Leitung des Fachbereichs Biologie der Universität Hamburg und des Sainsbury Laboratory in Cambridge (England) hat die erste dreidimensionale Computersimulation einer Spindel geschaffen. Diese Simulation kann nun genutzt werden, um fundamentale Prinzipien der Zellteilung besser zu verstehen und wurde in der Fachzeitschrift „Developmental Cell“ veröffentlicht.

The elimination of damaged cell components is essential for the maintenance of the body’s tissues and organs. An international research team led by the University of Bonn has made significant findings on mechanisms for the clearing of cellular wastes, showing that strength training activates such mechanisms. The findings could form the basis for new therapies for heart failure and nerve diseases, and even afford benefits for manned space missions. A corresponding article has been published in the latest issue of the journal Current Biology. EMBARGOED: Do not publish until 5 pm CEST on August, 23rd!

New AI-based digital platform enables extremely fast and accurate analysis of tissue sections from lung cancer patients / publication in ‘Cell Reports Medicine’

Researchers at the Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT) studied hundreds of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They discovered that specific mutations in the STAG2 protein cause altered DNA folding in the cell nucleus, thereby contributing to the development of AML.

Inside each cell, individual structures known as organelles perform key functions, but how these organelles contribute to the formation of tissues and organs is unknown. Groundbreaking research from the Campàs group at the Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life of TU Dresden now reveals that the cell’s nucleus controls the stiffness of eye and brain tissues, and even the ordered arrangements of cells in them. These results add a new role for the cell’s nucleus in tissue organization, well beyond its established role in genetic regulation.

A previously unknown mechanism of active matter self-organization essential for bacterial cell division follows the motto ‘dying to align’: Misaligned filaments ‘die’ spontaneously to form a ring structure at the center of the dividing cell. The study, led by the Šarić group at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), was published in Nature Physics. The work could find applications in developing synthetic self-healing materials.

Researchers at the Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), University Hospital Regensburg (UKR) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) have engineered CD8+ T cells to artificially express the gene LMO4, thereby enhancing their effectiveness against tumors.

Pharmacy: Publication in Cell Chemical Biology

Researchers from Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU) and the University of Duisburg-Essen (UDE) have together succeeded in identifying and synthesising a group of molecules that can act against the cause of tuberculosis in a new way. In the scientific journal Cell Chemical Biology, they describe that the so-called callyaerins act against the infectious disease by employing a fundamentally different mechanism compared to antibiotic agents used to date.

MHH researchers explain how pathogens establish a connection between their cell surface and their protective capsules

A research team from HIRI and THWS develops a tool for visualizing single-cell data

Die Spinale Muskelatrophie (SMA) ist eine schwerwiegende Nervenerkrankung, für die es bislang keine Heilung gibt, wenngleich die derzeitigen Therapien die Symptome lindern können. Für die Suche nach besseren Behandlungsmöglichkeiten lenken Forschende des DZNE und der Technischen Universität Dresden nun den Blick auf bisher unerkannte Anomalien in der Embryonalentwicklung. Sie berufen sich dabei auf Untersuchungen an sogenannten Organoiden: Im Labor gezüchtete Gewebekulturen, an denen sich Krankheitsprozesse nachvollziehen lassen. Ihre Befunde sind in der Fachzeitschrift „Cell Reports Medicine“ veröffentlicht.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neurological disease for which there is presently no cure, although current therapies can alleviate symptoms. In the search for better treatment options, scientists at DZNE and the Dresden University of Technology are now drawing attention to previously unnoticed abnormalities in embryonic development. They base their argument on studies of so-called organoids: Laboratory-grown tissue cultures that can reconstruct disease processes. Their findings are published in the journal “Cell Reports Medicine”.

Pharmazie: Veröffentlichung in Cell Chemical Biology

Gemeinsam ist es Forschenden der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf (HHU) und der Universität Duisburg-Essen (UDE) gelungen, eine Gruppe von Molekülen zu identifizieren und zu synthetisieren, die auf neue Art und Weise gegen den Auslöser der Tuberkulose wirken. In der Fachzeitschrift Cell Chemical Biology beschreiben sie, dass die sogenannten Callyaerine grundlegend anders als bisherige antibiotische Wirkstoffe gegen die Infektionskrankheit wirken.

The “power plants” of living cells, the mitochondria, probably evolved through endosymbiosis: A bacterium migrated into a primordial cell and eventually developed into an organelle that provides the cell with energy, among other things. Mitochondria produce some of the proteins they need themselves – with the help of special protein factories called mitoribosomes, which consist of RNA and proteins. Researchers in Göttingen have now provided a roadmap for how cells assemble human mitoribosomes in a modular fashion.

Freiburg-Prague research collaboration achieves scientific breakthrough in understanding cell division.

Female mammals – including humans – are born with all of their egg cells. Of a woman’s one to two million egg cells, about 400 mature before menopause and can be fertilized. Some egg cells therefore survive for several decades – and need to remain functional over this long time. Extremely long-lived proteins in the ovary seem to play an important role in this, as teams of researchers from Göttingen (Germany) have now discovered in experiments with mice. These long-lived proteins appear to help maintain fertility for as long as possible.

Transcription factors regulate gene expression by binding specific sequences on DNA, which is an essential step to produce messenger RNAs from protein-coding genes. Denes Hnisz’s lab, in collaboration with Martin Vingron’s lab at the MPIMG, has discovered that human transcription factors don’t typically use their full potential. Instead, important protein regions within transcription factors encode chemical features that generate submaximal transcriptional activity. The findings, published in Nature Cell Biology, suggest simple ways to engineer natural transcription factor variants with elevated or “optimized” activity, with potential applications for regenerative therapy.

Transkriptionsfaktoren sind wichtige Regulatoren der Genexpression. Das Labor von Denes Hnisz hat in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Labor von Martin Vingron am MPIMG herausgefunden, dass menschliche Transkriptionsfaktoren in der Regel nicht ihr volles Potenzial nutzen. Stattdessen kodieren wichtige Proteinregionen in den Transkriptionsfaktoren für chemische Eigenschaften, die ihre Aktivität einschränken. Die in Nature Cell Biology veröffentlichten Ergebnisse zeigen Wege auf, um Transkriptionsfaktoren mit erhöhter oder „optimierter“ Aktivität zu entwickeln, die potentiell für regenerative Therapien eingesetzt werden könnten.

When radionuclides enter our organism, whether by inhalation, ingestion, or through wounds, they pose a potential health risk. Many previous studies on radionuclide exposure have focused mainly on animal experiments. However, we have little data on toxicity at the cellular and molecular level. Kidney cells are of particular interest because in mammals they play a central role in the detoxification of bivalent, trivalent, and hexavalent radionuclides as well as other heavy metals via urinary excretion. A team from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) and TU Dresden has now found a differentiated picture, as the researchers report in the journal Science of the Total Environment.

Dexamethason ist eines der wichtigsten Medikamente in der Therapie von schwerem COVID-19, allerdings sprechen Erkrankte sehr unterschiedlich darauf an. Wie das Kortisonpräparat die gestörte Entzündungsreaktion beeinflusst und welche Patienten davon profitieren, haben Forschende des Deutschen Zentrums für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) und der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin jetzt herausgefunden. Ihre Methode bedient sich sogenannter Einzelzell-Analysen und macht Hoffnung auf ein präzises Vorhersage-Instrument auch für andere Therapien und Erkrankungen. Die Ergebnisse sind im Wissenschaftsjournal „Cell“ erschienen.

Dexamethasone is one of the most important drugs in the treatment of severe COVID-19, but patients respond very differently to the therapy. Researchers at the DZNE and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin have now discovered how the cortisone compound influences the impaired inflammatory response and which patients benefit from it. Their method uses so-called single-cell analyses and raises hopes for a precise prediction tool for other therapies and diseases as well. The findings have been published in the scientific journal “Cell”.