Schlagwort: Mutation
Missing IER3IP1 protein leads to severe brain developmental disease
Unlocking the world of bacteria
Veränderung der zirkadianen Uhr passt Gerste an kurze Wachstumsperioden an
Damit Pflanzen zur richtigen Jahreszeit blühen, besitzen sie eine innere Uhr, mit der sie die Tageslichtlänge messen können. Biologinnen und Biologen der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf (HHU) beschreiben in einer Studie in der Fachzeitschrift Plant Physiology, dass die Mutation eines bestimmten Gens den Blühzeitpunkt der Gerste nahezu unabhängig von der Tageslänge macht. Diese Mutation kann nützlich für die Züchtung von Sorten sein, die an veränderte Klimabedingungen mit relativ warmen Wintern und heißen, trockenen Sommern angepasst sind.
Time travel through genomics
Leukemia cells activate cellular recycling program
Leukämiezellen aktivieren zelluläres Recyclingprogramm
Takeda Oncology Forschungspreis 2023 an Ann-Kathrin Daum
Vision in the brain – hardwired for action
Sehzentren im Gehirn – genetisch auf Action getrimmt
Gesunde Nieren trotz Bluthochdrucks
Personalisierte Therapie beim Multiplen Myelom
Das NCT Heidelberg ist eine gemeinsame Einrichtung des Deutschen Krebsforschungszentrums (DKFZ) und des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg (UKHD).
„Lückenfüller“ POLΘ als neuer Ansatz für Krebstherapien
Neue Erkenntnisse zur Huntington-Krankheit
JKI-Studie weist nach: Roter Riesling entstand aus Weißem Riesling – nicht umgekehrt.
Ein einziges Gen steuert die Artenvielfalt in einem Ökosystem
Coronavirus: Ist Omikron die gefährlichere Mutante?
A global assessment of cancer genomic alterations in epigenetic mechanisms
Muhammad A Shah, Emily L Denton, Cheryl H Arrowsmith, Mathieu Lupien and Matthieu Schapira
Abstract
Background
The notion that epigenetic mechanisms may be central to cancer initiation and progression is supported by recent next-generation sequencing efforts revealing that genes involved in chromatin-mediated signaling are recurrently mutated in cancer patients.
Results
Here, we analyze mutational and transcriptional profiles from TCGA and the ICGC across a collection 441 chromatin factors and histones. Chromatin factors essential for rapid replication are frequently overexpressed, and those that maintain genome stability frequently mutated. We identify novel mutation hotspots such as K36M in histone H3.1, and uncover a general trend in which transcriptional profiles and somatic mutations in tumor samples favor increased transcriptionally repressive histone methylation, and defective chromatin remodeling.
Conclusions
This unbiased approach confirms previously published data, uncovers novel cancer-associated aberrations targeting epigenetic mechanisms, and justifies continued monitoring of chromatin-related alterations as a class, as more cancer types and distinct cancer stages are represented in cancer genomics data repositories.
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A Mitochondrial Paradigm of Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, Aging, and Cancer: A Dawn for Evolutionary Medicine
Progressive increase in mtDNA 3243A>G heteroplasmy causes abrupt transcriptional reprogramming
Wallace hypothesized mitochondrial dysfunction as a central role in a wide range of age-related disorders and various forms of cancer. Steadily rising increases in mitochondrial DNA mutations cause abrupt shifts in diseases. Discrete changes in nuclear gene expression in response to small increases in DNA mutant level are analogous to the phase shifts that is well known in physics: As heat is added, the ice abruptly turns to water or with more heat abruptly to steam. Therefore, a quantitative change that is an increasing proportion of mitochondrial DNA mutation results in a qualitative change which coordinate changes in nuclear gene expression together with discrete changes in clinical symptoms.
Variation in cancer risk among tissues can be explained by the number of stem cell divisions
Tomasetti and Vogelstein show that the lifetime risk of cancers of many different types is strongly correlated with the total number of divisions of the normal self-renewing cells maintaining that tissue’s homeostasis. These results suggest that only a third of the variation in cancer risk among tissues is attributable to environmental factors or inherited predispositions. The majority is due to bad luck, that is, random mutations arising during DNA replication in normal, noncancerous stem cells.