Schlagwort: HIV
HIV-Heilung an der Charité: Der zweite Berliner Patient
19. Juli 2024
Er ging in die Medizingeschichte ein: Der Berliner Patient, der nach einer Stammzelltransplantation an der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin 2008 als weltweit erster von einer HIV-Infektion geheilter Mensch galt. Jetzt ist dieser äußerst seltene medizinische Erfolg einem Team der Charité offenbar ein weiteres Mal gelungen. Bei dem zweiten Berliner Patienten ist seit mehr als fünf Jahren trotz fehlender antiviraler Therapie kein HI-Virus mehr nachweisbar. Das Besondere an dem Fall: Das Team nutzte eine von bisherigen HIV-Heilungen abweichende Behandlungsmethode. Sie macht eine neue Erklärung des Heilungsmechanismus nötig.
Improving HIV treatment in children and adolescents – the right way
18. Juli 2024
Globally, around 2.6 million children and adolescents are currently living with HIV, the majority of them in Africa. These young people are much more likely to experience treatment failure than adults. Experts long assumed that testing for viral drug resistance could improve treatment in cases where treatment has failed. However, a research team led by the University of Basel now shows that it is much more important to support the patients in taking their medication regularly.
HIV-Behandlung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen verbessern – aber richtig
18. Juli 2024
Weltweit leben etwa 2,6 Millionen Kinder und Jugendliche mit HIV, die grosse Mehrheit von ihnen in Afrika. Bei ihnen versagen Therapien deutlich häufiger als bei Erwachsenen. Fachleute gingen lange davon aus, dass Tests auf Resistenzen des Virus die Behandlung bei Therapieversagen verbessern könnte. Ein Forschungsteam unter Leitung der Universität Basel zeigt nun jedoch, dass es viel wichtiger wäre, die regelmässige Einnahme der Medikamente zu unterstützen.
„The virus doesn’t care about borders“: Interview with the local co-chair of the 2024 World AIDS Conference in Munich
15. Juli 2024
The World AIDS Conference (AIDS 2024) will be held in Munich from July 22 to 26. For five days, experts from science, politics, affected groups, and counseling organizations will gather to discuss HIV. Prof. Christoph Spinner, an infectious disease specialist at the Technical University of Munich’s Klinikum rechts der Isar, serves as the local co-chair. In this interview, he explains why the conference remains essential after more than 40 years of AIDS and highlights some of the latest encouraging research findings.
„Dem Virus sind Grenzen ganz egal“: Lokaler Vorsitzender der Welt-Aids-Konferenz 2024 in München im Interview
15. Juli 2024
Vom 22. bis 26. Juli findet die Welt-Aids-Konferenz (AIDS 2024) in München statt. Fünf Tage lang werden sich Expertinnen und Experten aus Wissenschaft, Politik, Betroffenengruppen und Beratungsorganisationen zum Thema HIV austauschen. Lokaler Vorsitzender der Konferenz ist Prof. Christoph Spinner, Infektiologe am Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München (TUM). Im Interview spricht der Arzt und Forscher darüber, warum die Konferenz auch nach mehr als 40 Jahren Aids notwendig ist, aber auch über neueste Forschungsergebnisse, die Mut machen.
Forschungsleistungen zu präzisem Gentransfer, Allergie-Immuntherapie und HIV-1-Infektionen Immuntherapie prämiert
16. April 2024
Zum 13. Mal haben das Paul-Ehrlich-Institut und der Verein zur Förderung des Langener Wissenschaftspreises den mit insgesamt 2.000 Euro dotierten Langener Nachwuchswissenschaftspreis verliehen.
Den ersten Preis erhält Samuel Theuerkauf (30) für seine Forschungsarbeiten zum verbesserten Gentransfer mithilfe zweier Marker.
Den zweiten Preis erhält Dr. Yen-Ju Lin (35) für ihre Forschung zum Einfluss künstlich erzeugter Fusionsproteine auf das Immunsystem.
Der dritte Preis geht an Dr. Moritz Schüssler (33) für seine Forschung zum Einfluss des Restriktionsfaktors SAMHD1 auf HIV-1-Infektionen.
How HIV smuggles its genetic material into the cell nucleus
25. Januar 2024
Around one million individuals worldwide become infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, each year. To replicate and spread the infection, the virus must smuggle its genetic material into the cell nucleus and integrate it into a chromosome. Research teams led by Dirk Görlich at the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science and Thomas Schwartz at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have now discovered that its capsid has evolved into a molecular transporter. As such, it can directly breach a crucial barrier, which normally protects the cell nucleus against viral invaders. This way of smuggling keeps the viral genome invisible to anti-viral sensors in the cytoplasm.
The folding is the key
28. April 2023
Researchers at Helmholtz Institute Würzburg discover potential new antiviral targets in HIV-1
Where the HI-Virus sleeps in the brain
16. März 2023
The human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 is able to infect various tissues in humans. Once inside the cells, the virus integrates its genome into the cellular genome and establishes persistent infections. The role of the structure and organisation of the host genome in HIV-1 infection is not well understood. Using a cell culture model based on brain immune microglia cells, an international research team led by scientists from Heidelberg University Hospital and the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) now defined the insertion patterns of HIV-1 in the genome of microglia cells.
Wo das HI-Virus im Gehirn schläft
16. März 2023
Das Humane Immundefizienz-Virus HIV-1 kann verschiedene Gewebe des Menschen infizieren. Sobald das Virus in die Zellen eingedrungen ist, integriert es sein Genom in das zelluläre Genom, was zu einer anhaltenden Infektion führt. Die Rolle der Struktur und Organisation des Wirtsgenoms bei der HIV-1-Infektion ist bisher nicht gut verstanden. Anhand eines Zellkulturmodells, das auf Mikroglia-Immunzellen des Gehirns basiert, hat ein internationales Forscherteam unter Leitung von Wissenschaftler:innen des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg und des Deutschen Zentrums für Infektionsforschung (DZIF) nun die Einbaumuster von HIV-1 in das Genom von Mikrogliazellen definiert.
Successful cure of HIV infection after stem cell transplantation
21. Februar 2023
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of severe blood cancers is the only medical intervention that has cured two people living with HIV in the past. An international group of physicians and researchers from Germany, the Netherlands, France, Spain, and the United States has now identified another case in which HIV infection has been shown to be cured in the same way. In a study published this week in Nature Medicine, in which DZIF scientists from Hamburg and Cologne played a leading role, the successful healing process of this third patient was for the first time characterised in great detail virologically and immunologically over a time span of ten years.
Tuberculosis vaccine candidate VPM1002 safe in HIV- and non-HIV-exposed newborns as study shows
2. August 2022
No other infectious disease has killed more people than tuberculosis. Currently, only one vaccine is available to prevent severe courses: Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG). However, it is not equally effective against all types of tuberculosis. Especially infants and immunocompromised patients are therefore in urgent need for more effective tuberculosis vaccines. A clinical trial in South Africa has now shown that the new vaccine candidate VPM1002, developed by Max Planck researcher Stefan H.E. Kaufmann and his team, is equally safe for newborns with and without HIV exposure and has fewer side effects compared to BCG.
Making the Invisible Visible – Mechanism Discovered that Enables Innate Immune System to Detect Viruses Like HIV early
12. Juli 2022
Researchers at the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut participating in an international research network have discovered a two-step mechanism of the innate immune system that also makes it possible to specifically recognise HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and trigger an early immune response. This knowledge could be used in the development of vaccines that could strengthen this mechanism. The body could thus produce its own defence against HIV effectively and early. Molecular Cell reports on the results in its online edition from xx.xx.2022.
Wenn die Tarnkappe fällt – Mechanismus entdeckt, mit dem das angeborene Immunsystem auch Viren wie HIV früh
12. Juli 2022
Forschende des Paul-Ehrlich-Instituts haben in einem internationalen Forschungsverbund einen zweistufigen Mechanismus des angeborenen Immunsystems entdeckt, der es ermöglicht, auch das HI-Virus (Humanes Immundefizienz-Virus, HIV) spezifisch zu erkennen und eine frühe Immunantwort auszulösen. Dieses Wissen könnte bei der Entwicklung von Impfstoffen genutzt werden, die diesen Mechanismus verstärken und damit eine wirksame und frühe körpereigene Abwehr gegen HIV erzeugen könnten. Über die Ergebnisse berichtet Molecular Cell in seiner Online-Ausgabe vom 08.07.2022
New insights on the path to curing chronic HIV infections
3. Juni 2022
AIDS, an immunodeficiency disease caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide. Thanks to antiviral therapies, the disease can be treated, but there is still no cure. A large-scale comparative study by scientists at the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf indicates a critical role of a group of specialised immune cells in suppressing the antiviral immune response of HIV-infected patients.
HIV drug stabilizes disease progression in metastatic colorectal cancer
6. April 2022
Many cancers exhibit high levels of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. Single-agent lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, stopped disease progression in over 25% of patients with fourth-line refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. These results provide evidence for the evaluation of reverse transcriptase inhibitors as a new class of anti-cancer drugs.
HIV drug stabilizes disease progression in metastatic colorectal cancer
6. April 2022
Many cancers exhibit high levels of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. Single-agent lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, stopped disease progression in over 25% of patients with fourth-line refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. These results provide evidence for the evaluation of reverse transcriptase inhibitors as a new class of anti-cancer drugs.
New study reveals why HIV remains in human tissue even after antiretroviral therapy
27. März 2022
Thanks to antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection is no longer the life sentence it once was. But despite the effectiveness of drugs to manage and treat the virus, it can never be fully eliminated from the human body, lingering in some cells deep in different human tissues where it goes unnoticed by the immune system. Now, new research by University of Alberta immunologist Shokrollah Elahi reveals a possible answer to the mystery of why infected people can’t get rid of HIV altogether. Elahi and his team found that in HIV patients, killer T cells — a type of white blood cells responsible for identifying and destroying cells infected with viruses — have very little to none of a protein called CD73. Because CD73 is responsible for migration and cell movement into the tissue, the lack of the protein compromises the ability of killer T cells to find and eliminate HIV-infected cells, explained Elahi.
HIV/Aids: Erste Frau gilt nach Stammzelltherapie als von HIV geheilt
17. Februar 2022
Zwei Männer wurden bereits erfolgreich von HIV geheilt, nun gilt auch eine Frau seit 14 Monaten als virusfrei. Bei ihr wurde eine andere Therapieform angewandt.
Scientists move HIV vaccine research forward by developing an immunogen that produces tier-2 antibodies
5. Februar 2022
Scientists take a promising step in the direction of developing an HIV vaccine using a unique native-like trimer to develop Tier-2 neutralizing antibodies — the kind that matter for combating HIV — in mice.
Research breakthrough could see HIV drugs used to treat low-grade brain tumors
20. Dezember 2021
Drugs developed to treat AIDS and HIV could offer hope to patients diagnosed with the most common form of primary brain tumor. The breakthrough is significant because, if further research is conclusive, the anti-retroviral drugs could be prescribed for patients diagnosed with meningioma and acoustic neuroma brain tumors (also known as schwannoma).
Solving mystery of rare cancers directly caused by HIV
14. Oktober 2021
For nearly a decade, scientists have known that HIV integrates itself into genes in cells that have the potential to cause cancer. And when this happens in animals with other retroviruses, those animals often develop cancer. But, perplexingly and fortunately, that isn’t regularly happening in people living with HIV. A new study reveals why doctors aren’t seeing high rates of T cell lymphomas — or cancers of the immune system — in patients with HIV.
Blutspende: Großbritannien schafft diskriminierende Regel für viele Schwarze ab
12. Oktober 2021
In England mussten Blutspender bisher angeben, ob sie sexuelle Kontakte mit Personen aus Ländern hatten, in denen HIV grassiert. Diese Regel wurde als diskriminierend gegenüber Schwarzen empfunden.
A global assessment of cancer genomic alterations in epigenetic mechanisms
5. März 2015
Muhammad A Shah, Emily L Denton, Cheryl H Arrowsmith, Mathieu Lupien and Matthieu Schapira
Abstract
Background
The notion that epigenetic mechanisms may be central to cancer initiation and progression is supported by recent next-generation sequencing efforts revealing that genes involved in chromatin-mediated signaling are recurrently mutated in cancer patients.
Results
Here, we analyze mutational and transcriptional profiles from TCGA and the ICGC across a collection 441 chromatin factors and histones. Chromatin factors essential for rapid replication are frequently overexpressed, and those that maintain genome stability frequently mutated. We identify novel mutation hotspots such as K36M in histone H3.1, and uncover a general trend in which transcriptional profiles and somatic mutations in tumor samples favor increased transcriptionally repressive histone methylation, and defective chromatin remodeling.
Conclusions
This unbiased approach confirms previously published data, uncovers novel cancer-associated aberrations targeting epigenetic mechanisms, and justifies continued monitoring of chromatin-related alterations as a class, as more cancer types and distinct cancer stages are represented in cancer genomics data repositories.
Continue reading „A global assessment of cancer genomic alterations in epigenetic mechanisms“ →
