Schlagwort: cancer
Mito warriors: Scientists discover how T cell assassins reload their weapons to kill and kill again
15. Oktober 2021
Researchers have discovered how T cells — an important component of our immune system — are able keep on killing as they hunt down and kill cancer cells, repeatedly reloading their toxic weapons.
Fluorescent spray lights up tumors for easy detection during surgery
14. Oktober 2021
The prognosis for a cancer patient who undergoes surgery is better if the surgeon removes all of the tumor, but it can be hard to tell where a tumor ends and healthy tissue begins. Now, scientists report that they have developed a fluorescent spray that specifically lights up cancerous tissue so it can be identified readily and removed during surgery.
Researcher discovers key gene responsible for cancer drug resistance
13. Oktober 2021
A researcher has discovered an enzyme that plays a key role in the ability of cancer cells to resist drug treatment.
Mushroom consumption may lower risk of depression
13. Oktober 2021
Mushrooms have been making headlines due to their many health advantages. Not only do they lower one’s risk of cancer and premature death, but new research also reveals that these super-foods may benefit a person’s mental health.
Aadvance in rapid cancer detection and monitoring
13. Oktober 2021
An engineer is reporting fast screening of the surface proteins of exosomes for cancer diagnostics and biomarker discovery.
Researchers find cervical cancer screening is overused – and underused as well
13. Oktober 2021
New research finds many women are screened too often for cervical cancer, leading to unnecessary procedures that may carry their own harms, while some women are not getting tested often enough, putting them at higher risk for poor outcomes.
‘Gut bugs’ can drive prostate cancer growth and treatment resistance
9. Oktober 2021
Common gut bacteria can become ‚hormone factories‘ – fuelling prostate cancer and making it resistant to treatment, a new study shows. Scientists revealed how gut bacteria contribute to the progression of advanced prostate cancers and their resistance to hormone therapy — by providing an alternative source of growth-promoting androgens, or male hormones. The findings, once further validated in the clinic, could provide new opportunities for the treatment of prostate cancer through manipulation of the microbiome.
Small molecule may prevent metastasis in colorectal cancer
7. Oktober 2021
The compound works by hindering a key pathway that cancer cells rely upon to hoard energy, and is already undergoing clinical trials.
Cancer costs US more than $156 billion annually, with drugs a leading expense
7. Oktober 2021
Care for the 15 most prevalent types of cancer in the U.S. cost approximately $156.2 billion in 2018, according to a team researchers. The team also found that medication was the biggest expense and that medication expense for breast, lung, lymphoma and colorectal cancers incurred the most costs.
Protecting the ozone layer is delivering vast health benefits
7. Oktober 2021
An international agreement to protect the ozone layer is expected to prevent 443 million cases of skin cancer and 63 million cataract cases for people born in the United States through the end of this century, according to new research. The research team developed a computer modeling approach that revealed the effect of the Montreal Protocol and subsequent amendments on stratospheric ozone, the associated reductions in ultraviolet radiation, and the resulting health benefits.
Weighing cancer cells to personalize drug choices
7. Oktober 2021
Researchers have developed a new way to determine whether individual patients will respond to a specific cancer drug or not. This kind of test could help doctors to choose alternative therapies for patients who don’t respond to the therapies normally used to treat their cancer.
Cancer chemotherapy drug reverses Alzheimer’s symptoms in mice
6. Oktober 2021
A drug commonly used to treat cancer can restore memory and cognitive function in mice that display symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease, new research has found. The drug, Axitinib, inhibits growth of new blood vessels in the brain — a feature shared by both cancer tumors and Alzheimer’s disease. This hallmark represents a new target for Alzheimer’s therapies. Mice that underwent the therapy not only exhibited a reduction in blood vessels and other Alzheimer’s markers in their brains, they also performed remarkably well in tests designed to measure learning and memory.
Powerful technique details brain tumors’ formidable resiliency
2. Oktober 2021
A team led by researchers has profiled in unprecedented detail thousands of individual cells sampled from patients‘ brain tumors. The findings, along with the methods developed to obtain those findings, represent a significant advance in cancer research, and ultimately may lead to better ways of detecting, monitoring and treating cancers.
Most cases of never-smokers’ lung cancer treatable with mutation-targeting drugs
1. Oktober 2021
Despite smoking’s well-known role in causing lung cancer, a significant number of patients who develop lung tumors have never smoked. While scientists are still working to understand what spurs cancer in so-called ’never-smokers,‘ a study suggests that 78% to 92% of lung cancers in patients who have never smoked can be treated with precision drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration to target specific mutations in a patient’s tumor.
Looking beyond DNA to see cancer with new clarity
1. Oktober 2021
Researchers have mapped out how hundreds of mutations involved in two types of cancer affect the activity of proteins that are the ultimate actors behind the disease. The work points the way to identifying new precision treatments that may avoid the side effects common with much current chemotherapy.
Safer treatment for deep-seated tumors
1. Oktober 2021
Scientists have detailed the effects of copper cysteamine, a next-generation cancer photo-drug.
Scientists reverse pancreatic cancer progression in ‘time machine’ made of human cells
1. Oktober 2021
What makes pancreatic cancer so deadly is its covert and quick spread. Now, a ‚time machine‘ has shown a way to reverse the course of cancer before it spreads throughout the pancreas.
New nanoparticle developed for intravenous cancer immunotherapy
1. Oktober 2021
Cancer immunotherapy seeks to turn ‚cold‘ tumors into ‚hot‘ tumors — those that respond to immunotherapy — by awakening and enlisting the body’s own immune system.
How high-fat diets allow cancer cells to go unnoticed
30. September 2021
The immune system relies on cell surface tags to recognize cancer cells. Researchers discovered mice who ate high-fat diets produced less of these tags on their intestinal cells, suppressing the ability of immune cells to identify and eliminate intestinal tumors. The high-fat diet also reduced the presence of certain bacteria in the mice’s gut, which normally helps maintain the production of these tags.
Counting cells may shed light on how cancer spreads
29. September 2021
Engineers developed a technique that allows them to measure the generation rate and half-life of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in mice.
‘Research autopsy’ enable scientists study why certain cancer therapies stop working
29. September 2021
A new research study turns cancer scientists into molecular detectives, searching for clues for why certain cancers are able to spread and evolve by studying tissues collected within hours of death.
Targeting a rare secondary cancer in children
29. September 2021
Known as pediatric radiation-induced high-grade gliomas (RIGs), this specific type of brain tumor is caused by cranial radiation therapy for other cancers, most often brain cancers. They account for nearly 4% of all childhood brain tumor deaths, but there have not been many studies on RIGs and how to treat them.
Discovery of mechanics of drug targets for COVID-19
28. September 2021
Researchers have discovered the working mechanism of potential drug targets for various diseases such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and even COVID-19. The findings uncover the inner workings of cell receptors that are involved in cancer progression and inflammatory diseases.
Lab grown tumor models could improve treatment for pancreatic cancer
25. September 2021
An international team of scientists have created a three-dimensional (3D) pancreatic cancer tumour model in the laboratory, combining a bioengineered matrix and patient-derived cells that could be used to develop and test targeted treatments.
A global assessment of cancer genomic alterations in epigenetic mechanisms
5. März 2015
Muhammad A Shah, Emily L Denton, Cheryl H Arrowsmith, Mathieu Lupien and Matthieu Schapira
Abstract
Background
The notion that epigenetic mechanisms may be central to cancer initiation and progression is supported by recent next-generation sequencing efforts revealing that genes involved in chromatin-mediated signaling are recurrently mutated in cancer patients.
Results
Here, we analyze mutational and transcriptional profiles from TCGA and the ICGC across a collection 441 chromatin factors and histones. Chromatin factors essential for rapid replication are frequently overexpressed, and those that maintain genome stability frequently mutated. We identify novel mutation hotspots such as K36M in histone H3.1, and uncover a general trend in which transcriptional profiles and somatic mutations in tumor samples favor increased transcriptionally repressive histone methylation, and defective chromatin remodeling.
Conclusions
This unbiased approach confirms previously published data, uncovers novel cancer-associated aberrations targeting epigenetic mechanisms, and justifies continued monitoring of chromatin-related alterations as a class, as more cancer types and distinct cancer stages are represented in cancer genomics data repositories.
Continue reading „A global assessment of cancer genomic alterations in epigenetic mechanisms“ →
