In 2003, the Human Genome Project (HGP) succeeded in mapping more than 90% of the human genome for the first time. Subsequently, the 1,000 Genome Project (2007 – 2015), provided initial insights into the diversity of the human genome. Now – ten years after the conclusion of the project – an international research consortium has, in collaboration with Professor Dr Tobias Marschall, bioinformatician at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (HHU), re-analysed the samples using state-of-the-art techniques. The resulting findings are now presented in two publications in the same issue of the scientific journal Nature. They show the diversity of the human genome in an unprecedented level of depth.