A global study has revealed the conditions under which non-native plants thrive in the world’s many dryland regions and the factors that limit their spread. Using data from 98 study sites across 25 countries on six continents, researchers found that non-native plants often grow faster than native species and are particularly successful in areas with intensive grazing and nutrient-rich soils. However, their success is significantly reduced in ecosystems with a high diversity of native plant species.